Entered into force October 10, 1973 for VI-1 thru VI-7 and VI-11 thru VI-15, November 1, 1982 for VI-9, April 8, 1987 for VI-10.

Article IX, paragraph 4, of the Antarctic Treaty provides that recommended measures “shall become effective when approved by all the Contracting Parties whose representatives were entitled to participate in the meetings held to consider those measures.”

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U.S. Department of State

The Lessons of 1989: Freedom and Our Future